PHA-408 free base · Synonyms: PHA 408 · PHA408
PHA 408 is a potent, selective and orally active IκB kinase-2 inhibitor.
For research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.
PHA-408 structure
CAS No.: 503555-55-3
Pack sizes & pricing
| Size | Price | SKU | Stock | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 mg | USD 580.00 | BP-02075-50mg | In stock | Get quote |
| 100 mg | USD 780.00 | BP-02075-100mg | In stock | Get quote |
| 250 mg | USD 1,080.00 | BP-02075-250mg | In stock | Get quote |
| 500 mg | USD 1,480.00 | BP-02075-500mg | In stock | Get quote |
| 1 g | Inquire | BP-02075-1g | In stock | Inquire |
Need another size or custom synthesis? Request a quote.
Description
PHA 408 (PHA-408) is a potent, selective and orally active IκB kinase-2 (IKK-2) inhibitor. PHA 408 is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and cigarette smoke (CS)-mediated lung inflammation.
Biological activity
In Vitro PHA-408 (2 μM; 6 days co-treatment with TNF-α) prevents TNF-α-induced premature senescence in HUVECs, as evidenced by reduced p16 and p21 expression, restored Ki-67 levels, and decreased senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers including E-selectin, ICAM-1, IL-6, and IL-8. PHA-408 (0-10000 nM) inhibits recombinant human IKK-2 homodimer and IKK-2/IKK-1 heterodimer with IC50 values of 10-40 nM, weakly suppresses IKK-1 (IC50 = 14 μM, > 350-fold selectivity), and displays no obvious activity against a panel of 30 tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases except PIM1, with a 15-fold selectivity over PIM1 relative to IKK-2. PHA-408 (0.001-3 μM; 1 h preincubation; 20 min LPS stimulation) suppresses LPS-induced IKK-2 activity in immunoprecipitated IKK complexes from PBMCs and blocks LPS-triggered IκBα phosphorylation as well as p65 phosphorylation at Ser536 in PBMCs. PHA-408 (0.001-3 μM; 1 h preincubation; 18 h LPS stimulation) inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 production in PBMCs and human whole blood in a concentration-dependent manner. PHA-408 (0.001-3 μM; 1 h preincubation; 18 h IL-1β stimulation) inhibits IL-1β-induced IL-8, PGE2 production, and NF-κB-dependent SEAP reporter activity in RASFs without affecting cell viability. PHA-408 (0.001-3 μM; 1 h preincubation; 45 min IL-1β stimulation) shows no effect on IL-1β-induced JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in RASFs. PHA-408 (10 μM; 1 h preincubation; 20 min LPS stimulation) maintains inhibition of IKK-2 activity for up to 4 h following extensive washing of PBMCs. PHA-408 (20 μM; 6 h) increases cytosolic IκB-α expression and reduces nuclear p65 expression in freshly isolated adult mdx costal diaphragm. PHA-408 (20 μM; 52 h) reduces nuclear p65 immunofluorescence intensity in cultured mdx myotubes. PHA-408 (1, 10 μM; 6 h) shows no significant effect on cytosolic IκB-α or nuclear p65 expression at lower concentrations in freshly isolated adult mdx costal diaphragm. In Vivo PHA-408 (15 and 45 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily for 3 days) dose-dependently reduces LPS- and cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in male Sprague-Dawley rats (280 g), including neutrophil influx and elevated CINC-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and GM-CSF levels in BAL fluid/lung homogenates, and suppresses NF-κB activation (IκBα degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and NF-κB DNA binding) in lung tissues at 1 h post-exposure. PHA-408 (0.5-50 mg/kg; p.o.; single dose) inhibits LPS-induced serum TNF-α production, with an EC50 of approximately 27-29 mg/kg and an IC50 of approximately 2-3.4 μM based on plasma concentration in male Lewis rats. PHA-408 (10 mg/kg; p.o.; t.i.d. for 11 days) reduces paw swelling, suppresses IKK-2 activity in immunoprecipitates from paw tissues and blocks bone destruction in streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced chronic arthritis in female Lewis rats (125-140 g). PHA-408 (15-60 mg/kg/day; p.o.; t.i.d. for 14 days) exhibits good tolerability at efficacious doses with an ED90 of 30 mg/kg/day and a corresponding NOAEL of 30 mg/kg/day, induces mild and reversible adverse responses including transient body weight loss, neutrophilia, reduced liver enzyme levels and lymphoid depletion (45-60 mg/kg/day) in female Lewis rats (approximately 200 g). PHA-408 (50 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily for 30 days) in mdx mice (1 month old, male) slightly increases cytosolic IκB-α expression in costal diaphragm, but does not significantly reduce nuclear p65 expression. PHA-408 (100 mg/kg; p.o.; single dose) in mdx mice shows no reduction in nuclear p65 expression at 5 h post-administration. PHA-408 (0.8 mg/kg/day; i.p.; twice daily for 30 days) in mdx mice (1 month old, male) significantly reduces nuclear p65 expression by approximately 50% in costal diaphragm.
Identifiers
- SMILES
-
O=C(C1=NN(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)C3=C1CCC4=CC=C(NC(C5=C(Cl)C=NC(N6CCN(C)CC6)=C5)=O)C=C43)N - InChIKey
-
ZLEZHGHFWIHCGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Specifications
- MW (average)
- 560.0220
- Formula
- C29H27ClFN7O2
- CAS No.
- 503555-55-3
- Physical state
- Solid
- Color
- Off-white to light yellow
- Shipping
- Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
- Storage
- Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years; In solvent -20°C, 1 month
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO : 50 mg/mL